Mechanism of Action

Optune Gio™ leverages biophysical principles to disrupt tumor viability

TTFields therapy uses alternating electric fields delivered at a unique frequency that allows it to selectively disrupt GBM cell division¹

Because healthy cells have different properties than cancer cells (including division rate, morphology, and electrical properties), they are spared by Optune Gio^4-9

See the benefit in newly diagnosed GBM

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TTFields, Tumor Treating Fields.

References: 1. Optune. Instructions For Use. Novocure; 2023. 2. Kirson ED, Gurvich Z, Schneiderman R, et al. Disruption of cancer cell replication by alternating electric fields. Cancer Res. 2004;64(9):3288-3295. 3. Giladi M, Schneiderman RS, Voloshin T, etal. Mitotic spindle disruption by alternating electric fields leads to improper chromosome segregation and mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):18046.doi:10.1038/srep18046. 4. Karanam NK, Story MD. An overview of potential novel mechanisms of action underlying tumor treating fields-induced cancer cell death and their clinical implications. Int J Radiat Biol. 2021;97(8):1044-1054. doi:10.1080/09553002.2020.1837984. 5. Cooper GM. The development and causes of cancer. In: The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd ed. Sinauer Associates; 2000:chap 15. Accessed July 17, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9963/. 6. Baba AI, C.toi C. Tumor cell morphology. In: Comparative Oncology. The Publishing House of the Romanian Academy; 2007:chap 3. Accessed July 17, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/booksNBK9553/ 7. Trainito CI, Sweeney DC, Čemažar J, et al. Characterization of sequentially-staged cancer cells using electrorotation. PLoS One. 2019;14(9):1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222289. 8. Haemmerich D, Schutt DJ, Wright AW, Webster JG, Mahvi DM. Electrical conductivity measurement of excised human metastatic liver tumours before and after thermal ablation. Physiol Meas. 2009;30(5):459-466. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/30/5/003. 9. Ahmad MA, (IEEE SM), Al Natour Z, Mustafa F, Rizvi TA. Electrical characterization of normal and cancer cells. IEEE Access. 2018;6:25979-25986. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2830883